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| suketu.com | Gothic art sculpture and painting | Characteristics of Gothic architecture | Brick Gothic | Sequence of Gothic Styles | England Gothic styles | Gothic revival | The 20th century and beyond |
Gothic architecture
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Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly
associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in
Europe during the high and late medieval period. Beginning in 12th
century France, it was known as "the French Style", with the term
Gothic first appearing in the Reformation era as a stylistic insult. It was succeeded by Renaissance architecture beginning in Florence in the 15th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th century Europe and continued, largely for ecclesiastical and university structures, into the 20th century. |
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The style originated at the abbey church of Saint-Denis in
Saint-Denis, near Paris, where it exemplified the vision of Abbot
Suger. Suger wanted to create a physical representation of the
Heavenly Bethlehem, a building of a high degree of linearity that
was suffused with light and color. The façade was actually designed
by Suger, whereas the Gothic nave was added some hundred years
later. He designed the façade of Saint-Denis to be an echo of the
Roman Arch of Constantine with its three-part division. This
division is also frequently found in the Romanesque style. The
eastern "rose" window, which is credited to him as well, is a
re-imagining of the Christian "circle-square" iconography. The first
truly Gothic construction was the choir of the church, consecrated
in 1144. With its thin columns, stained-glass windows, and a sense
of verticality with an ethereal look, the choir of Saint-Denis
established the elements that would later be elaborated upon during
the Gothic period. This style was adopted first in northern France
and by the English, and spread throughout France, the Low Countries
and parts of Germany and also to Spain and northern Italy. Gothic architecture has nothing to do with the historical Goths. It was a pejorative term that came to be used as early as the 1530s to describe culture that was considered rude and barbaric. François Rabelais imagines an inscription over the door of his Utopian Abbey of Thélème, "Here enter no hypocrites, bigots..." slipping in a slighting reference to "Gotz" (rendered as "Huns" in Thomas Urquhart's English translation) and "Ostrogotz." In English 17th century usage, "Goth" was an equivalent of "vandal," a savage despoiler with a Germanic heritage and so came to be applied to the architectural styles of northern Europe before the revival of classical types of architecture. "There can be no doubt that the term 'Gothic' as applied to pointed styles of ecclesiastical architecture was used at first contemptuously, and in derision, by those who were ambitious to imitate and revive the Grecian orders of architecture, after the revival of classical literature. Authorities such as Christopher Wren lent their aid in deprecating the old mediæval style, which they termed Gothic, as synonymous with every thing that was barbarous and rude.", according to a correspondent in Notes and Queries No. 9. December 29, 1849. |
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| suketu.com | Gothic art sculpture and painting | Characteristics of Gothic architecture | Brick Gothic | Sequence of Gothic Styles | England Gothic styles | Gothic revival | The 20th century and beyond |