| Gothic art sculpture and painting | Characteristics of Gothic architecture | Brick Gothic | Sequence of Gothic Styles | England Gothic styles | Gothic revival | The 20th century and beyond |
The 20th century and beyond
At the turn of the 20th Century, technological developments such as the light bulb, the elevator, and steel framing caused many to see architecture that used load-bearing masonry as obsolete. Steel framing supplanted the non-ornamental functions of rib vaults and flying buttresses. Some architects used Neo-Gothic tracery as applied ornament to an iron skeleton underneath, for example in Cass Gilbert's 1907 Woolworth Building skyscraper in New York and Raymond Hood's 1922 Tribune Tower in Chicago. But over the first half of the century, Neo-Gothic became supplanted by Modernism. Some in the Modern Movement saw the Gothic tradition of architectural form entirely in terms of the "honest expression" of the technology of the day, and saw themselves as the rightful heir to this tradition, with their rectangular frames and exposed iron girders.
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In spite of this, the Gothic revival continued to exert its influence, simply because many of its more massive projects were still being built well into the second half of the 20th century, such as Giles Gilbert Scott's Liverpool Cathedral. In the USA, Charles Donagh Maginnis's early buildings at Boston College helped establish the prevalence of Collegiate Gothic architecture on American university campuses. The Gothic revival skyscraper on the University of Pittsburgh's campus, the Cathedral of Learning, for example, used very Gothic styling's both inside and out, while using modern technologies to make the building taller. Ralph Adams Cram became a leading force in American Gothic, with his most ambitious project the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine in New York (claimed to be the largest Cathedral in the world), as well as Collegiate Gothic buildings at Princeton University. Cram said "the style hewn out and perfected by our ancestors has become ours by uncontested inheritance." In addition to Princeton University and Boston College some of the buildings on West Chester University's campus are also built in the Collegiate Gothic style.Music theory American Continent Architecture baroque architecture in england russia and northern america History of the State of Gujarat computer systems consulting services couch Crystals Diamond gem stones Earth third planet from the Sun
Though the number of new Gothic revival buildings declined sharply after the 1930s, they continue to be built. The cathedral of Bury St. Edmunds was constructed between the late 1950s and 2005. In 2002, Demetri Porphyrios was commissioned to design a neo-Gothic residential college at Princeton University to be known as Whitman College. Porphyrios has won several commissions after votes by student bodies, not university design committees, confirming what modernist architects have suspected: that neo-gothic architecture may be more popular among the public, in spite of resistance to gothic as a "style" among the architectural establishment, and cost restraints..Gothic revival architects, William Burges, William Butterfield, Richard Carpenter, Richard Cromwell Carpenter, Ralph Adams Cram, Alexander Jackson Davis, Andrew Jackson Downing, Eugene Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Benjamin Ferrey, Frank Furness, Francis Goodwin, Charles Donagh Maginnis, Benjamin Mountfort, George Fellowes Prynne, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, James Gamble Rogers, George Gilbert Scott, George Edmund Street, William Strickland, Alfred Waterhouse, William White.
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| Gothic architecture | Gothic art sculpture and painting | Characteristics of Gothic architecture | Brick Gothic | Sequence of Gothic Styles | England Gothic styles | Gothic revival | The 20th century and beyond |